5th week 1 day

WORKING OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for humans to hear. They then wait for the sound to be reflected back, calculating distance based on the time required. This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes a radio wave to return after hitting an object.

While some sensors use a separate sound emitter and receiver, it’s also possible to combine these into one package device, having an ultrasonic element alternate between emitting and receiving signals. This type of sensor can be manufactured in a smaller package than with separate elements, which is convenient for applications where size is at a premium.

While radar and ultrasonic sensors can be used for some of the same purposes, sound-based sensors are readily available—they can be had for just a couple dollars in some cases—and in certain situations, they may detect objects more effectively than radar.

ARDUNIO CODE

const int pingPin = 7; // Trigger Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor

const int echoPin = 6; // Echo Pin of Ultrasonic Sensor

void setup() {

   Serial.begin(9600); // Starting Serial Terminal

}

void loop() {

   long duration, inches, cm;

   pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);

   digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

   delayMicroseconds(2);

   digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);

   delayMicroseconds(10);

   digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

   pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

   duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

   inches = microsecondsToInches(duration);

   cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);

   Serial.print(inches);

   Serial.print("in, ");

   Serial.print(cm);

   Serial.print("cm");

   Serial.println();

   delay(100);

}

long microsecondsToInches(long microseconds) {

   return microseconds / 74 / 2;

}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds) {

   return microseconds / 29 / 2;

}